![]() Hamburg used a single IR photocell as its detector along with a spinning disk with lines painted on it, alternately known as a "reticle" or "chopper". The most mature development of these, codenamed Hamburg, was intended for use by the Blohm & Voss BV 143 glide bomb in an anti-ship role. History Origins Prototype Sidewinder-1 missile on an AD-4 Skyraider during flight testingÄuring World War II, various researchers in Germany designed infrared guidance systems of various complexity. This " proportional pursuit" system is straightforward to implement and offers high-performance lead calculation almost for free and can respond to changes in the target's flight path, which is much more efficient and makes the missile "lead" the target. It was this constant angle that the Sidewinder attempted to maintain. In either case, the missile should keep that angle all the way to interception, which means that the angle that the target makes against the detector is constant. If the missile is traveling four times the speed of the target, it should follow an angle about 11 degrees in front. Consider a missile fired at right angles to its target if the missile is flying at the same speed as the target, it should "lead" it by 45 degrees, flying to an impact point far in front of where the target was when it was fired. ![]() So if the target remained at 5 degrees left between two rotations of the mirror, the electronics would not output any signal to the control system. The Sidewinder is not guided by the actual position recorded by the detector, but by the change in position since the last sighting. ( January 2023) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. This article possibly contains original research. Design A missile (blue) intercepts a target (red) by maintaining constant bearing to it (green) Air Force Spokeswoman Stephanie Powell noted that due to its relatively low cost, versatility, and reliability it is "very possible that the Sidewinder will remain in Air Force inventories through the late 21st century". Boeing won a contract in March 2010 to support Sidewinder operations through to 2055, guaranteeing that the weapons system will remain in operation until at least that date. The United States Navy hosted a 50th-anniversary celebration for the Sidewinder in 2002. The AIM-9 is one of the oldest, lowest cost, and most successful air-to-air missiles, with an estimated 270 aircraft kills in its history of use. ![]() It has been built under license by some other nations including Sweden, and can even equip helicopters, such as the Bell AH-1Z Viper. ![]() and 27 other nations, of which perhaps one percent have been used in combat. The Sidewinder is the most widely used air-to-air missile in the West, with more than 110,000 missiles produced for the U.S. Its adaptability has kept it in service over newer designs like the AIM-95 Agile and SRAAM that were intended to replace it. This led to all-aspect capabilities in the L version which proved to be an extremely effective weapon during combat in the Falklands War and the Operation Mole Cricket 19 ("Bekaa Valley Turkey Shoot") in Lebanon. Originally a tail-chasing system, early models saw extensive use during the Vietnam War but had a low success rate. This modularity allowed for the introduction of newer seekers and rocket motors, including the AIM-9C variant, which used semi-active radar homing and served as the basis of the AGM-122 Sidearm anti-radar missile. Low-level development started in the late 1940s, emerging in the early 1950s as a guidance system for the modular Zuni rocket. The Soviet K-13 (AA-2 'Atoll'), a reverse-engineered copy of the AIM-9B, was also widely adopted by a number of nations. Since then, the Sidewinder has proved to be an enduring international success, and its latest variants remain standard equipment in most Western-aligned air forces. The AIM-9 Sidewinder (where "AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile") is a short-range air-to-air missile which entered service with the United States Navy in 1956, and subsequently was adopted by the US Air Force in 1964. Aircraft, naval vessels, fixed launchers, and ground vehicles
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